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Away3D TypeScriptではじめる3次元表現

第16回炎の照り返しのアニメーションと床の反射を調整する

2015-08-03

第11回から前回の第15回「素材に凹凸と反射の強弱を与える─⁠─法線マップとスペキュラマップ」までつくってきた「Animating particles simulating fire」をお題としたパーティクルによる炎の表現は、いよいよ仕上げにかかる。炎のアニメーションや床への照り返しなどに細かな手を加えたい。

炎の照り返しを少しずつ拡げる

まずは、いわれないと気づかないかもしれない細かなアニメーションからだ。炎の照り返しを床にアニメーションとして加えた。その始まりで、炎のパーティクルは次第に大きくなるのに、照り返しのアニメーションはいきなり範囲が広い（図1⁠）⁠。これをパーティクルと同じように、少しずつ拡げるようにしたい。

図1　燃え始めた炎の照り返しがいきなり大きい
図1　燃え始めた炎の照り返しがいきなり大きい

もっとも、炎が照り返す光のアニメーションは、前から手を加えるつもりでいた。炎のアニメーションを扱うクラス（FireObject）のコンストラクタに定めたプロパティのひとつ（strength）がこれまでまったく使われていない。実は、このプロパティが照り返しの光の強さを示す。

function FireObject(mesh, animator) {
  this.strength = 0;

}

炎の照り返しのアニメーションを行うメソッド（animateLight()）で、つぎのように前述プロパティ（strength）の値を増してゆき、それを光のLightBase.diffuseとLightBase.specularプロパティの値に反映させればよい。もちろん、炎のアニメーションを扱うオブジェクト（fireObject）がもつ光（light）のこれらのプロパティ値は以下のとおり、はじめに0に定めておく。

FireObject.prototype.animateLight = function(fallOff, radius, addition) {

  if (this.strength < 1) {
    this.strength += 0.05;
  }

  // light.diffuse = light.specular = 1 + addition;
  light.diffuse = light.specular = this.strength + addition; 

};
function startFire(eventObject) {

  var fireObject = fireObjects[count - 1];

  var light = new PointLight();

  light.diffuse = 0;
  light.specular = 0; 

  fireObject.light = light;

}

以上の修正を施したスクリプトは、炎のアニメーションを扱うクラス（FireObject）とパーティクルのアニメーション全体を組み立てるJavaScriptコードに分けて以下に掲げた（コード1およびコード2⁠）⁠。これで、炎が照り返す光も、炎のパーティクルと同じように、少しずつ広がってゆく。

コード1　炎のアニメーションを扱うクラス
function FireObject(mesh, animator) {
  this.strength = 0;
  this.mesh = mesh;
  this.animator = animator;
}
FireObject.prototype.startAnimation = function() {
  this.animator.start();
};
FireObject.prototype.animateLight = function(fallOff, radius, addition) {
  var light = this.light;
  if (light) {
    if (this.strength < 1) {
      this.strength += 0.05;
    }
    light.fallOff = fallOff;
    light.radius = radius;
    light.diffuse = light.specular = this.strength + addition;
  }
};
コード2　パーティクルのアニメーション全体を組み立てる
var BlendMode = require("awayjs-core/lib/data/BlendMode");
var LoaderEvent = require("awayjs-core/lib/events/LoaderEvent");
var TimerEvent = require("awayjs-core/lib/events/TimerEvent");
var ColorTransform = require("awayjs-core/lib/geom/ColorTransform");
var Vector3D = require("awayjs-core/lib/geom/Vector3D");
var AssetLibrary = require("awayjs-core/lib/library/AssetLibrary");
var URLRequest = require("awayjs-core/lib/net/URLRequest");
var RequestAnimationFrame = require("awayjs-core/lib/utils/RequestAnimationFrame");
var Timer = require("awayjs-core/lib/utils/Timer");
var View = require("awayjs-display/lib/containers/View");
var DirectionalLight = require("awayjs-display/lib/entities/DirectionalLight");
var Mesh = require("awayjs-display/lib/entities/Mesh");
var PointLight = require("awayjs-display/lib/entities/PointLight");
var StaticLightPicker = require("awayjs-display/lib/materials/lightpickers/StaticLightPicker");
var PrimitivePlanePrefab = require("awayjs-display/lib/prefabs/PrimitivePlanePrefab");
var ParticleAnimationSet = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/ParticleAnimationSet");
var ParticleAnimator = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/ParticleAnimator");
var ParticlePropertiesMode = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/data/ParticlePropertiesMode");
var ParticleBillboardNode = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/nodes/ParticleBillboardNode");
var ParticleScaleNode = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/nodes/ParticleScaleNode");
var ParticleVelocityNode = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/nodes/ParticleVelocityNode");
var ParticleColorNode = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/nodes/ParticleColorNode");
var DefaultRenderer = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/DefaultRenderer");
var MethodMaterial = require("awayjs-methodmaterials/lib/MethodMaterial");
var MethodRendererPool = require("awayjs-methodmaterials/lib/pool/MethodRendererPool");
var MethodMaterialMode = require("awayjs-methodmaterials/lib/MethodMaterialMode");
var HoverController = require("awayjs-display/lib/controllers/HoverController");
var ParticleGeometryHelper = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/utils/ParticleGeometryHelper");
var view;
var plane;
var cameraController;
var lightPicker;
var timer;
var planeDiffuse = "assets/floor_diffuse.jpg";
var imageNormal = "assets/floor_normal.jpg";
var imageSpecular = "assets/floor_specular.jpg";
var imageParticle = "assets/blue.png";
var lastMouseX;
var lastMouseY;
var lastPanAngle;
var lastTiltAngle;
var fireObjects;
var particleMaterial;
function initialize() {
  var directionalLight = createDirectionalLight(0.25, 0xFFFFFF);
  view = createView(240, 180, 0x0);
  var scene = view.scene;
  lightPicker = new StaticLightPicker([directionalLight]);
  plane = createPlane(800, 800, lightPicker, -20, 2.5);
  fireObjects = createParticles(3, 500, 300, 5, scene);
  scene.addChild(plane);
  cameraController = setupCameraController(view.camera, 1000, 0, 90, 45, 20);
  loadAsset(planeDiffuse);
  loadAsset(imageNormal);
  loadAsset(imageSpecular);
  loadAsset(imageParticle);
  document.onmousedown = startDrag;
  timer = new RequestAnimationFrame(render);
  timer.start();
  var fireTimer = new Timer(1000, fireObjects.length);
  fireTimer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, startFire);
  fireTimer.start();
}
function createView(width, height, backgroundColor) {
  var defaultRenderer = new DefaultRenderer(MethodRendererPool);
  var view = new View(defaultRenderer);
  view.width = width;
  view.height = height;
  view.backgroundColor = backgroundColor;
  return view;
}
function createPlane(width, height, light, y, specular) {
  var material = new MethodMaterial();
  var plane = new PrimitivePlanePrefab(width, height).getNewObject();
  material.mode = MethodMaterialMode.MULTI_PASS;
  plane.material = material;
  material.lightPicker = light;
  material.specular = specular;
  plane.y = y;
  return plane;
}
function createParticles(numFires, numParticles, radius, y, scene) {
  var GLOBAL = ParticlePropertiesMode.GLOBAL;
  var startColor = new ColorTransform(0, 0, 0, 1, 0xFF, 0x33, 0x01);
  var endColor = new ColorTransform(0, 0, 0, 1, 0x99);
  var animations = [
    new ParticleBillboardNode(),
    new ParticleScaleNode(GLOBAL, false, false, 2.5, 0.5),
    new ParticleVelocityNode(GLOBAL, new Vector3D(0, 80, 0)),
    new ParticleColorNode(GLOBAL, true, true, false, false, startColor, endColor),
    new ParticleVelocityNode(ParticlePropertiesMode.LOCAL_STATIC)
  ];
  var animationSet = getParticleAnimationSet(animations, initParticle);
  var primitive = new PrimitivePlanePrefab(10, 10, 1, 1, false);
  var geometry = primitive.geometry;
  var material = particleMaterial = new MethodMaterial();
  var geometrySet = [];
  material.blendMode = BlendMode.ADD;
  for (var i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) {
    geometrySet[i] = geometry;
  }
  var fireObjects = getFireObjects(geometrySet, numFires, material, animationSet, radius, y, scene);
  return fireObjects;
}
function getFireObjects(geometrySet, numFires, material, animationSet, radius, y, scene) {
  var fireObjects = [];
  var particleGeometry = ParticleGeometryHelper.generateGeometry(geometrySet);
  var anglePerFire = Math.PI * 2 / numFires;
  for (var i = 0; i < numFires; i++) {
    var mesh = createAnimationParticle(particleGeometry, material, animationSet, fireObjects);
    var angle = i * anglePerFire;
    mesh.x = radius * Math.sin(angle);
    mesh.z = radius * Math.cos(angle);
    mesh.y = y;
    scene.addChild(mesh);
  }
  return fireObjects;
}
function getParticleAnimationSet(animations, initParticleFunc) {
  var animationSet = new ParticleAnimationSet(true, true);
  var count = animations.length;
  for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    animationSet.addAnimation(animations[i]);
  }
  animationSet.initParticleFunc = initParticleFunc;
  return animationSet;
}
function createAnimationParticle(particleGeometry, material, animationSet, fireObjects) {
  var mesh = new Mesh(particleGeometry, material);
  var animator = new ParticleAnimator(animationSet);
  mesh.animator = animator;
  fireObjects.push(new FireObject(mesh, animator));
  return mesh;
}
function initParticle(prop) {
  var PIx2 = Math.PI * 2;
  var radian0 = Math.random() * PIx2;
  var radian1 = Math.random() * PIx2;
  var velocityVector = getVector3D(15, radian0, radian1);
  prop.startTime = Math.random() * 5;
  prop.duration = Math.random() * 4 + 0.1;
  prop[ParticleVelocityNode.VELOCITY_VECTOR3D] = velocityVector;
}
function getVector3D(radius, angleXY, angleXZ) {
  var sinXY = Math.sin(angleXY);
  var cosXY = Math.cos(angleXY);
  var sinXZ = Math.sin(angleXZ);
  var cosXZ = Math.cos(angleXZ);
  var vector = new Vector3D(radius * cosXY * cosXZ, radius * cosXY * sinXZ, radius * sinXY);
  return vector;
}
function startFire(eventObject) {
  var fireTimer = eventObject.target;
  var count = fireTimer.currentCount;
  var fireObject = fireObjects[count - 1];
  var lights = lightPicker.lights;
  var light = new PointLight();
  fireObject.startAnimation();
  light.color = 0xFF3301;
  light.diffuse = 0;
  light.specular = 0;
  light.transform.position = fireObject.mesh.transform.position;
  fireObject.light = light;
  lights.push(light);
  lightPicker.lights = lights;
  if (count >= fireTimer.repeatCount) {
    fireTimer.removeEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, startFire);
  }
}
function createDirectionalLight(ambient, color) {
  var light = new DirectionalLight();
  light.ambient = ambient;
  light.color = color;
  return light;
}
function setupCameraController(camera, distance, minTiltAngle, maxTiltAngle, panAngle, tiltAngle) {
  var cameraController = new HoverController(camera);
  cameraController.distance = distance;
  cameraController.minTiltAngle = minTiltAngle;
  cameraController.maxTiltAngle = maxTiltAngle;
  cameraController.panAngle = panAngle;
  cameraController.tiltAngle = tiltAngle;
  return cameraController;
}
function loadAsset(url) {
  AssetLibrary.addEventListener(LoaderEvent.RESOURCE_COMPLETE, onResourceComplete);
  AssetLibrary.load(new URLRequest(url));
}
function onResourceComplete(eventObject) {
  var assets = eventObject.assets;
  var material;
  var count = assets.length;
  var url = eventObject.url;
  for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    var asset = assets[i];
    switch (url) {
      case (planeDiffuse):
        material = plane.material;
        material.texture = asset;
        break;
      case (imageNormal):
        material = plane.material;
        material.normalMap = asset;
        break;
      case (imageSpecular):
        material = plane.material;
        material.specularMap = asset;
        break;
      case (imageParticle):
        particleMaterial.texture = asset;
        break;
    }
  }
}
function render(timeStamp) {
  var count = fireObjects.length;
  for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    var fireObject = fireObjects[i];
    fireObject.animateLight(380 + Math.random() * 100, 200 + Math.random() * 100, Math.random());
  }
  view.render();
}
function startDrag(eventObject) {
  lastMouseX = eventObject.clientX;
  lastMouseY = eventObject.clientY;
  lastPanAngle = cameraController.panAngle;
  lastTiltAngle = cameraController.tiltAngle;
  document.onmousemove = drag;
  document.onmouseup = stopDrag;
}
function drag(eventObject) {
  cameraController.panAngle = 0.5 * (eventObject.clientX - lastMouseX) + lastPanAngle;
  cameraController.tiltAngle = 0.3 * (eventObject.clientY - lastMouseY) + lastTiltAngle;
}
function stopDrag(eventObject) {
  document.onmousemove = null;
  document.onmouseup = null;
}

平行光源を調整する

つぎは、床に当てる平行光源（DirectionalLight）を少し調整しよう。光のオブジェクトをつくる関数（createDirectionalLight()）に引数を3つ加えて、プロパティに定める。LightBase.diffuseとLightBase.specular、およびLightBase.ambientColorだ。LightBase.ambientColorプロパティは、環境光の色を決める（デフォルト値0xFFFFFF⁠）⁠。第14回の「光をアニメーションさせる」で紹介したプロパティと合わせて、改めてつぎの表1にまとめた。

表1　LightBaseクラスのプロパティ
LightBaseクラスのプロパティ値と機能
ambientColor環境光のカラー値を示す0から0xFFFFFFまでの整数（デフォルト値0xFFFFFF）
diffuse光の拡散する強さを示す0以上の数値（デフォルト値1）
specular光の反射する強さを示す0以上の数値（デフォルト値1）
fallOff光が届く距離の最大値（デフォルト値10000）
radius光が届く距離の最小値（デフォルト値9000）

平行光源（DirectionalLight）のオブジェクトをつくる関数（createDirectionalLight()）とその呼出しには、つぎのような手を加えた。環境光の強さ（ambient）を増す替わりに、色（ambientColor）は少し暗めに抑える。光源のカラー（color）は少し暗めに赤みをつけ、拡散（diffuse）も抑え、反射（specular）はなくした。すると、直射日光の遮られた夜のような見た目になり、オブジェクトは赤みを帯びた光の中に浮かび上がる（図2⁠）⁠。

function initialize() {
  // var directionalLight = createDirectionalLight(0.25, 0xFFFFFF);
  var directionalLight = createDirectionalLight(0.5, 0xEEDDDD, 0.5, 0, 0x808090);

}

// function createDirectionalLight(ambient, color) {
function createDirectionalLight(ambient, color, diffuse, specular, ambientColor) {
  var light = new DirectionalLight();

  light.diffuse = diffuse;
  light.specular = specular;
  light.ambientColor = ambientColor; 

}
図2　直射日光の遮られたような空間にオブジェクトが赤みを帯びた光で浮かび上がる
図2　直射日光の遮られたような空間にオブジェクトが赤みを帯びた光で浮かび上がる

炎の数を増やす

最後にお題の「Animating particles simulating fire」と同じように、炎の数を増やしてみよう。もっとも、炎のパーティクルをつくる関数（createParticles()）には、すでにつくる数が第1引数に定められている。したがって、つぎのようにこの値を変えれば済む。また、床をつくる関数（createPlane()）に渡す引数のうち、床の素材の光沢を与えるMethodMaterial.specularプロパティの値（specular）は高めた。ただ、炎の数が増えた分、照り返しは強まる。そこで、炎のオブジェクト（fireObject）をアニメーションさせるメソッド（animateLight()）に対して、渡す調整の引数値は少し下げた。

function initialize() {

  // plane = createPlane(800, 800, lightPicker, -20, 2.5);
  plane = createPlane(800, 800, lightPicker, -20, 10);
  // fireObjects = createParticles(3, 500, 300, 5, scene);
  fireObjects = createParticles(10, 500, 300, 5, scene);

}

function createPlane(width, height, light, y, specular) {
  var material = new MethodMaterial();

  material.specular = specular;

}

function render(timeStamp) {
  var count = fireObjects.length;
  for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    var fireObject = fireObjects[i];
    // fireObject.animateLight(380 + Math.random() * 100, 200 + Math.random() * 100, Math.random());
    fireObject.animateLight(380 + Math.random() * 20, 200 + Math.random() * 30, Math.random() * 0.2);
  }

}

これで、炎のパーティクルの数は増えて、床に照り返す光の強さも調整できた（図1⁠）⁠。炎のアニメーションを扱うクラス（FireObject）の定めは前掲コード1のまま変えていない。書き上がったパーティクルの数を増やしたアニメーションのJavaScriptコードは以下のとおりだ（コード3⁠）⁠。また、サンプル1をjsdo.itに掲げた[1]⁠。

図3　炎の数が増えて床の照り返しも調整された
図3　炎の数が増えて床の照り返しも調整された
コード3　パーティクルの数を増やしたアニメーション
var BlendMode = require("awayjs-core/lib/data/BlendMode");
var LoaderEvent = require("awayjs-core/lib/events/LoaderEvent");
var TimerEvent = require("awayjs-core/lib/events/TimerEvent");
var ColorTransform = require("awayjs-core/lib/geom/ColorTransform");
var Vector3D = require("awayjs-core/lib/geom/Vector3D");
var AssetLibrary = require("awayjs-core/lib/library/AssetLibrary");
var URLRequest = require("awayjs-core/lib/net/URLRequest");
var RequestAnimationFrame = require("awayjs-core/lib/utils/RequestAnimationFrame");
var Timer = require("awayjs-core/lib/utils/Timer");
var View = require("awayjs-display/lib/containers/View");
var DirectionalLight = require("awayjs-display/lib/entities/DirectionalLight");
var Mesh = require("awayjs-display/lib/entities/Mesh");
var PointLight = require("awayjs-display/lib/entities/PointLight");
var StaticLightPicker = require("awayjs-display/lib/materials/lightpickers/StaticLightPicker");
var PrimitivePlanePrefab = require("awayjs-display/lib/prefabs/PrimitivePlanePrefab");
var ParticleAnimationSet = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/ParticleAnimationSet");
var ParticleAnimator = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/ParticleAnimator");
var ParticlePropertiesMode = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/data/ParticlePropertiesMode");
var ParticleBillboardNode = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/nodes/ParticleBillboardNode");
var ParticleScaleNode = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/nodes/ParticleScaleNode");
var ParticleVelocityNode = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/nodes/ParticleVelocityNode");
var ParticleColorNode = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/animators/nodes/ParticleColorNode");
var DefaultRenderer = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/DefaultRenderer");
var MethodMaterial = require("awayjs-methodmaterials/lib/MethodMaterial");
var MethodRendererPool = require("awayjs-methodmaterials/lib/pool/MethodRendererPool");
var MethodMaterialMode = require("awayjs-methodmaterials/lib/MethodMaterialMode");
var HoverController = require("awayjs-display/lib/controllers/HoverController");
var ParticleGeometryHelper = require("awayjs-renderergl/lib/utils/ParticleGeometryHelper");
var view;
var plane;
var cameraController;
var lightPicker;
var timer;
var planeDiffuse = "assets/floor_diffuse.jpg";
var imageNormal = "assets/floor_normal.jpg";
var imageSpecular = "assets/floor_specular.jpg";
var imageParticle = "assets/blue.png";
var lastMouseX;
var lastMouseY;
var lastPanAngle;
var lastTiltAngle;
var fireObjects;
var particleMaterial;
function initialize() {
  var directionalLight = createDirectionalLight(0.5, 0xEEDDDD, 0.5, 0, 0x808090);
  view = createView(240, 180, 0x0);
  var scene = view.scene;
  lightPicker = new StaticLightPicker([directionalLight]);
  plane = createPlane(800, 800, lightPicker, -20, 10);
  fireObjects = createParticles(10, 500, 300, 5, scene);
  scene.addChild(plane);
  cameraController = setupCameraController(view.camera, 1000, 0, 90, 45, 20);
  loadAsset(planeDiffuse);
  loadAsset(imageNormal);
  loadAsset(imageSpecular);
  loadAsset(imageParticle);
  document.onmousedown = startDrag;
  timer = new RequestAnimationFrame(render);
  timer.start();
  var fireTimer = new Timer(1000, fireObjects.length);
  fireTimer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, startFire);
  fireTimer.start();
}
function createView(width, height, backgroundColor) {
  var defaultRenderer = new DefaultRenderer(MethodRendererPool);
  var view = new View(defaultRenderer);
  view.width = width;
  view.height = height;
  view.backgroundColor = backgroundColor;
  return view;
}
function createPlane(width, height, light, y, specular) {
  var material = new MethodMaterial();
  var plane = new PrimitivePlanePrefab(width, height).getNewObject();
  material.mode = MethodMaterialMode.MULTI_PASS;
  plane.material = material;
  material.lightPicker = light;
  material.specular = specular;
  plane.y = y;
  return plane;
}
function createParticles(numFires, numParticles, radius, y, scene) {
  var GLOBAL = ParticlePropertiesMode.GLOBAL;
  var startColor = new ColorTransform(0, 0, 0, 1, 0xFF, 0x33, 0x01);
  var endColor = new ColorTransform(0, 0, 0, 1, 0x99);
  var animations = [
    new ParticleBillboardNode(),
    new ParticleScaleNode(GLOBAL, false, false, 2.5, 0.5),
    new ParticleVelocityNode(GLOBAL, new Vector3D(0, 80, 0)),
    new ParticleColorNode(GLOBAL, true, true, false, false, startColor, endColor),
    new ParticleVelocityNode(ParticlePropertiesMode.LOCAL_STATIC)
  ];
  var animationSet = getParticleAnimationSet(animations, initParticle);
  var primitive = new PrimitivePlanePrefab(10, 10, 1, 1, false);
  var geometry = primitive.geometry;
  var material = particleMaterial = new MethodMaterial();
  var geometrySet = [];
  material.blendMode = BlendMode.ADD;
  for (var i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) {
    geometrySet[i] = geometry;
  }
  var fireObjects = getFireObjects(geometrySet, numFires, material, animationSet, radius, y, scene);
  return fireObjects;
}
function getFireObjects(geometrySet, numFires, material, animationSet, radius, y, scene) {
  var fireObjects = [];
  var particleGeometry = ParticleGeometryHelper.generateGeometry(geometrySet);
  var anglePerFire = Math.PI * 2 / numFires;
  for (var i = 0; i < numFires; i++) {
    var mesh = createAnimationParticle(particleGeometry, material, animationSet, fireObjects);
    var angle = i * anglePerFire;
    mesh.x = radius * Math.sin(angle);
    mesh.z = radius * Math.cos(angle);
    mesh.y = y;
    scene.addChild(mesh);
  }
  return fireObjects;
}
function getParticleAnimationSet(animations, initParticleFunc) {
  var animationSet = new ParticleAnimationSet(true, true);
  var count = animations.length;
  for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    animationSet.addAnimation(animations[i]);
  }
  animationSet.initParticleFunc = initParticleFunc;
  return animationSet;
}
function createAnimationParticle(particleGeometry, material, animationSet, fireObjects) {
  var mesh = new Mesh(particleGeometry, material);
  var animator = new ParticleAnimator(animationSet);
  mesh.animator = animator;
  fireObjects.push(new FireObject(mesh, animator));
  return mesh;
}
function initParticle(prop) {
  var PIx2 = Math.PI * 2;
  var radian0 = Math.random() * PIx2;
  var radian1 = Math.random() * PIx2;
  var velocityVector = getVector3D(15, radian0, radian1);
  prop.startTime = Math.random() * 5;
  prop.duration = Math.random() * 4 + 0.1;
  prop[ParticleVelocityNode.VELOCITY_VECTOR3D] = velocityVector;
}
function getVector3D(radius, angleXY, angleXZ) {
  var sinXY = Math.sin(angleXY);
  var cosXY = Math.cos(angleXY);
  var sinXZ = Math.sin(angleXZ);
  var cosXZ = Math.cos(angleXZ);
  var vector = new Vector3D(radius * cosXY * cosXZ, radius * cosXY * sinXZ, radius * sinXY);
  return vector;
}
function startFire(eventObject) {
  var fireTimer = eventObject.target;
  var count = fireTimer.currentCount;
  var fireObject = fireObjects[count - 1];
  var lights = lightPicker.lights;
  var light = new PointLight();
  fireObject.startAnimation();
  light.color = 0xFF3301;
  light.diffuse = 0;
  light.specular = 0;
  light.transform.position = fireObject.mesh.transform.position;
  fireObject.light = light;
  lights.push(light);
  lightPicker.lights = lights;
  if (count >= fireTimer.repeatCount) {
    fireTimer.removeEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, startFire);
  }
}
function createDirectionalLight(ambient, color, diffuse, specular, ambientColor) {
  var light = new DirectionalLight();
  light.ambient = ambient;
  light.color = color;
  light.diffuse = diffuse;
  light.specular = specular;
  light.ambientColor = ambientColor;
  return light;
}
function setupCameraController(camera, distance, minTiltAngle, maxTiltAngle, panAngle, tiltAngle) {
  var cameraController = new HoverController(camera);
  cameraController.distance = distance;
  cameraController.minTiltAngle = minTiltAngle;
  cameraController.maxTiltAngle = maxTiltAngle;
  cameraController.panAngle = panAngle;
  cameraController.tiltAngle = tiltAngle;
  return cameraController;
}
function loadAsset(url) {
  AssetLibrary.addEventListener(LoaderEvent.RESOURCE_COMPLETE, onResourceComplete);
  AssetLibrary.load(new URLRequest(url));
}
function onResourceComplete(eventObject) {
  var assets = eventObject.assets;
  var material;
  var count = assets.length;
  var url = eventObject.url;
  for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    var asset = assets[i];
    switch (url) {
      case (planeDiffuse):
        material = plane.material;
        material.texture = asset;
        break;
      case (imageNormal):
        material = plane.material;
        material.normalMap = asset;
        break;
      case (imageSpecular):
        material = plane.material;
        material.specularMap = asset;
        break;
      case (imageParticle):
        particleMaterial.texture = asset;
        break;
    }
  }
}
function render(timeStamp) {
  var count = fireObjects.length;
  for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    var fireObject = fireObjects[i];
    fireObject.animateLight(380 + Math.random() * 20, 200 + Math.random() * 30, Math.random() * 0.2);
  }
  view.render();
}
function startDrag(eventObject) {
  lastMouseX = eventObject.clientX;
  lastMouseY = eventObject.clientY;
  lastPanAngle = cameraController.panAngle;
  lastTiltAngle = cameraController.tiltAngle;
  document.onmousemove = drag;
  document.onmouseup = stopDrag;
}
function drag(eventObject) {
  cameraController.panAngle = 0.5 * (eventObject.clientX - lastMouseX) + lastPanAngle;
  cameraController.tiltAngle = 0.3 * (eventObject.clientY - lastMouseY) + lastTiltAngle;
}
function stopDrag(eventObject) {
  document.onmousemove = null;
  document.onmouseup = null;
}
サンプル1　Away3D 15/03/13: Animating particles simulating fire

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